Dangerous goods are articles or substances which are capable of posing a risk to health, safety, property or the environment and which are shown in the list of dangerous goods of IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations.
Some dangerous goods have been identified as being too dangerous to be carried on any aircraft under any circumstances; others are forbidden under normal circumstances but may be carried with specific approvals from the States concerned; some are restricted to carriage on all cargo aircraft; most however, can be safely carried on passenger aircraft as well, provided certain requirements are met.
Packaging is the essential component in the safe transport of dangerous goods by air. The packing instructions normally require the use of UN performance-tested specification packagings, however these are not required when dangerous goods are shipped in Limited Quantities under the provisions of Limited Quantity "Y" Packing Instructions. The quantity of dangerous goods permitted within these packagings is strictly limited by the Regulations so as to minimize the risk should an incident occur.
The proper declaration of dangerous goods by the shipper ensures that all in the transportation chain know what dangerous goods they are transporting, how to properly load and handle them and what to do if an incident or accident occurs either in-flight or on the ground. The pilot-in-command must know what is on board the aircraft in order to properly deal with the emergencies, which may occur.
Dangerous goods can be transported safely by air transport provided certain principles are strictly followed.
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